Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Some physiological and biochemical criteria in the local buffalo infected with stomach and intestinal worms in the city of Samarra

¹Dakheel Hussein Hadree, ² Osamah Hameed Shihab, ³Raouf Mikdam Fadhil, ⁴Khalid Ahmed Hadi and ⁵Jassm Mohamed Suleiman

^1,3,4Department of Physiology, ²Department of Public Health, Department of Internal and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

dakheelhussein81@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-2210, corresponding

osamahameed61@tu.edu.iq, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-3978-5365

raoufmikdam@tu.edu.iq, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-3319-027X

dr.physiologist@tu.edu.iq, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-7504

drjassimms1980@tu.edu.iq, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-7709

2020-12-13

2021-05-26

Abstract

The study included 70 local buffalo animals (between six months and two years), 50 buffalo were confirmed to be infected with gastrointestinal worms and 20 were considering as a control group. The results of the feces tests showed that local buffalo was infected with different types of worms. It was observed that worm incidence was as follows: 85% Nematodes, 10% Cestode and 5% Trematode. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in the total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total number of platelets, and significant increase was observed in the total number of white blood cells and was most likely caused by a significant increase in the rates of eosinophil's. Also the results showed that the effect of worms on some biochemical parameters was significant decrease in total protein concentration, albumin, and globulin. So, it could be concluding that buffalo spread in the city of Samarra suffers from parasitic diseases that affect the health of animals, through change the study criteria, so a therapeutic program must be adopted by cattle breeders to control parasitic diseases and thus improve the health and production of animals.

Keywords: Stomach worms, Intestinal worms, Local buffalo, Samarra city

بعض المعاییر الفسیولوجیة والکیمیوحیویة للجاموس المحلی المصاب بدیدان المعدة والأمعاء فی مدینة سامراء

دخیل حسین حدری1، أسامة حمید شهاب2، رؤوف مقدام فاضل1، خالد احمد هادی1 وجاسم محمد سلیمان3

¹ فرع الفسلجة والأدویة والکیمیاء الحیاتیة، ²فرع الصحة العامة، ³فرع الطب الباطنی والوقائی البیطری، کلیة الطب البیطری، جامعة تکریت، تکریت، العراق

الخلاصة

شملت هذه الدراسة فحص 70 حیواناً من الجاموس المحلی تراوحت أعمارها بین (ستة أشهر إلى سنتین) منها 50 حیواناً تم التأکد بانها مصابة إصابة فعلیة بدیدان المعدة والأمعاء و 20 حیواناً من الجاموس المحلی السوی سریریاً عدا کمجموعة سیطرة. أوضحت نتائـج فحوصات البراز المختلفة إصابة الجاموس المحلی بأنواع مختلفة من الدیدان إذ لوحظ أن نسب الإصابة بالدیدان کانت کالاتی: الدیدان الإسطوانیة بنسبة 85% والدیدان الشریطیة بنسبة 10% والدیدان المثقبة بنسبة 5%. کما أظهرت نتائج الدراسة انخفاضاً معنویاً فی معدلات العدد الکلی لکریات الدم الحمر وترکیز خضاب الدم وحجم خلایا الدم المرصوصة والعدد الکلی للصفیحات الدمویة، مقارنةً بمجموعة حیوانات السیطرة، وکان فقر الدم من النوع ذی الکریات سویة الحجم والصباغ، فی حین لوحظت زیادة معنویة فی العدد الکلی لخلایا الدم البیض وکان سببها على الأغلب الزیادة المعنویة فی معدلات الحمضات. کذلک بینت الدراسة تأثیر الدیدان على بعض المعاییر الکیموحیویة حیث لوحظ انخفاض معنوی فی معدلات ترکیز البروتین الکلی، والألبومین، والکلوبیولین. لذا، یمکن نستنتج أن الجاموس المنتشر فی مدینة سامراء یعانی من أصابته بالأمراض الطفیلیة التی تؤثر على صحة الحیوانات لذا یجب اعتماد برنامج علاجی من قبل المربین کی یتم السیطرة على الأمراض الطفیلیة ومن ثم تحسین صحة وإنتاج الحیوانات.

Introduction

Buffalo is an important agricultural animal that domesticate by human since ancient times in the areas of the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia between 2000 and 3000 years BC. Today buffaloes exist in many countries of the world such as Southeast Asia, India, China, Pakistan, Iraq, Egypt, Turkey, and in some Latin American countries and Europe, where it is an important source of milk and meat production as well as its use in rice fields in Southeast Asia (1). The buffalo belongs to class: mammalia, order: Ungulata, sup-order: Artiodactyla, sup-class: Ruminant, family: Bovadae, sup-family: Bovina, species: Bos, sup- species: Bubaline belonging to the Carabao Asian (2). The buffalo is infected with many parasitic worms; most important are the worms of the stomach and intestines. The buffalo is exposed to infection with these worms by high ratio due to the nature of its tendency to grazing and swamping in marshes, mud areas and rivers, where the presence of larvae is very common (3), and since the infection of Buffalo by parasitic worms effects on its health and its production, so many researchers around the world and extensively interested in the epidemiology of worms that attack the buffalo and viewed the various factors that play an important role in influencing the validity and distribution of the seasons of the year and the impact of these factors in different phases of cycles Such as eggs and larval stages, as well as environmental factors affecting adult phases and the adaptation of worms to those factors (4). because of the important of Buffalo That infected with stomach and intestine worms and necessity of treatment; Several studies have been carried out on various types of treatments to show their effect on worms in buffalo, including those in Australia, India, where researchers have used many worm repellents and studied their effect on various types of gastrointestinal worms and their resistance (5). In Iraq, although studies on the infection of gastrointestinal buffalo worms are few, but there are researchers studied these worms in the buffalo, for example in Baghdad, a study was carried out in the epidemiology of some types of worms in the Iraqi buffaloes (6), which three types of the parasites were first recorded in Iraq: Moniezia benedeni, Gastrothylax crumenifier and, Carmyerius spatiosus, while there was a study about pneumonia pathogenicity (bacterial and parasitic) was conducted in the buffalo in southern Iraq (7). There was also a survey of some pathogenic cattle parasites in Basra Governorate, including the Buffalo (8).

This study aims to evaluated the effect of infection of stomach and intestinal worms on some blood and biochemical parameters in the buffalo animals in the city of Samarra.

Materials and methods

The study started from March 2016 and continued until May 2016, during which 70 animals of local buffaloes were tested in different regions of Samarra, ranging from (six months to two years), they included 50 animals infected with stomach and intestinal worms after being confirmed by Clinical markers and laboratory testing and 20 buffalo animals of different ages were clinically matched as control groups. All tests were conducted in the laboratories of the College of Science, University of Baghdad.

Sample collection

Collected samples from 70 local buffalo animals, from different regions of Samarra, Iraq, between March and May 2016. Feces sample were collected directly from rectum of the animals. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein.

Floating methods

This method was used to detect the eggs of nematode and the tapeworms. 2 g of feces Placed in a 250 mL flask and add 90 ml of saturated sugar solution and after mixing the mixture well, filtered with a strainer and transfer it to 15 ml test tubes Until the surface of the solution was observed above the edges of the tube. The cover of the glass slide was carefully placed and after 30 minutes the cover of the slide was lifted, and placed on a glass slide and examined under a microscope (9).

Sedimentation method

This method was used to detect residual of the worm eggs. 100 ml of water was mixed with 10 g of feces in a 250 mL flask and clear with a strainer. It was transferred to 15 mL test tubes and placed in the centrifuge for 3 minutes. After that the floating was remove and taking part of precipitate and placed on a glass slide with cover slid and examined under a microscope (10).

Blood tests

Using the digital blood count device, the total number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, total number of platelets, and total and differential white blood cells count were measured (11,12).

Biochemical tests

Determination the total protein level using a ready-kit according to the Burit method, which is based on (11). Albumin was evaluated in the serum using the bromocresol Green Method using the ready kit from Biolabo-Maizy Company -France. The concentration of total globulin was determined by subtracting albumin concentration from the total protein concentration (13).

Statistical analysis

The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS program (Microsoft, Ver. 11.5, USA), mean and the standard error, T-test (14).

Results

The results of this study from the emergence of a number of clinical signs that the infected animals suffered from it such as diarrhea and sometimes mixed with mucus or blood, also showed feces tests showed the infection of buffalo animals in Samarra with many different types of worms, which represented the nematode of the genus Cooperia, which appeared at the highest rate of 85%. As well as the infected of buffalo with tapeworm’s type Moniezia expansa in 10% of cases, and the termatodes worms type Paramphistomum cervei by 5%. Table 1 shows the changes in the blood

parameters in the infected buffalo. The total number of red blood cells counts, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), platelets counts). Table 2 shows the changes in the total and differential white blood cells counts in the affected buffalo compared with control animals. Table 3 shows the changes in the biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, and globulin) in the affected buffalo compared with control animals.

Table 1: Effects of infection of stomach and intestinal worms on some blood parameters

Different characters in the same row mean significant difference at a significant level at P≥0.05.

Table 2: Effects of infection of stomach and intestinal worms on differential white blood cells

Different characters in the same row mean significant difference at a significant level at P≥0.05.