Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

In the current study, crude flavonoid extract ofMatricaria chamomilla L. (MC) was used to evaluate anticonvulsant, and antioxidant activities on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsion in chicks. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring brain tissue neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA and glutamate), oxidative stress biomarkers in serum (catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR, malondialdehyde MDA, and 8-isoprostane), serum electrolytes (potassium Ka⁺, sodium Na⁺, chloride Cl^-, ionized calcium iCa²⁺, total calcium TCa²⁺), pH of serum, and glucose level in serum. Seventy-two broiler chicks (2 weeks old) were randomly divided into six groups (n=12): The first group (negative control) received the normal saline subcutaneous injection, the second group (positive control) received PTZ 90 mg/kg subcutaneous injection, and the third group treated with sodium valproate (SV) 200mg/kg orally. The fourth, fifth and sixth groups treated with 20, 40, 80 mg/kg of crude flavonoid extract of MC respectively orally for six days before PTZ injection. Thirty minutes post-treatment of the last dose, the chicks in the (third to sixth) groups received PTZ. The results showed that the crude flavonoid extract of MC attenuated the convulsion signs and mortality dose-dependently. The pretreated crude flavonoid extract at the dose of 80mg/kg showed a significant increase in the serum level of Na⁺ and iCa²⁺, and a decrease in 8-isoprostane. In conclusion: the crude flavonoid extract of MC 80mg/kg possesses mild to moderate anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects.

The herbal drugs have a protective effect for kidney function against chemical toxicity. 24 male rats divided into 4 groups and treated as following, control group administrated orally with 1ml/kg. B.W physiological solution (0.9%), One dose Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄) 3 ml/kg. B.W, Silymarin 150 mg/kg. B.W and Silymarin150 mg/kg. B.W with CCl₄ 3 ml/kg. B.W for 30 days. Oxidative stress resulted by CCl₄ caused increasing in Creatinine, Urea, total protein, Albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreasing in Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in serum and congestion, degeneration and desquamation in kidney tissue. We concluded that Silymarin showed protective effect via increasing GSH, decreasing creatinine, Urea, total protein and MDA levels in serum and protect kidney tissue in rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effect of the Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp extract (GMPE) on plasma creatinine and renal proximal tubules of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. This study used 36 male Balb/c strain mice. The samples were divided into 6 groups, namely KN (normal control), KD (diabetic control), KM (metformin control), and P (treatment group) comprising: P1 (50 mg GMPE/kg body weight), P2 (100 mg GMPE/kg body weight), as well as P3 (200 mg GMPE/kg body weight). The GMPE and metformin suspension were administered orally for 14 days on the diabetic mice. The diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ multiple at low-dose of 30 mg/kg body weight daily for five consecutive days. On day 15, mice were terminated. Data of plasma creatinine and renal proximal tubule damage levels or the number of swelling and necrosis cells were analyzed. Interestingly and it showed that administration of GMPE could reduce the plasma creatinine level and the ameliorate renal proximal tubules of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. In conclusion, the renoprotective effect of GMPE in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice was associated with the attenuation in oxidative stress and inflammatory, which also had antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of antioxidant supplementation to diet in order to improve the productive
performance, fertility, hatchability, and some physiological traits of broiler breeders hens reared under hot climate. One
hundred hens (Cobb 500), thirty five weeks old, and twenty cocks were used in this study. They were divided into four groups
(25 hens and 5 males /group with five replicates) (5 hens and one cock each). The groups were treated for 12 weeks as follows:
T1 Control reared on standard ration, T2 reared on standard ration supplemented with sodium selenite 0.5 mg / kg ration, T3
reared on standard ration supplemented with vitamin E 450 mg / kg ration and T4 reared on standard ration supplemented with
sodium selenite 0.5 mg / kg and vitamin E 450 mg / kg ration. Birds reared under standard condition in semi opened house the
temperature was maximum 36C in the morning and 25C at night. Statistical analysis of data showed that the Vitamin E and
selenium treatments caused a significant improvement (P≤0.05) in means of egg production H.D.%, accumulative egg
production, feed conversion ratio, fertility percentage, hatchability percentage, number of chicks produced / hen, mortality
percentage and shell thickness as compared with the control group. Also a significant improvement in the physiological and
biochemical parameters as represented by the increase in total RBC count, Ηb concentration, PCV and the decrease serum
glucose, triglycerides, ALT, AST level in serum as well as the increase in liver and heart glycogen concentration. In
conclusion, sodium selenite and vitamin E supplementation to the broiler breeder ration improved some productive and
physiological parameters.